In choosing the correct file for any application, three factors need to be considered: shape, size, and cut. Shape and size are more a choice of application, but generally the shape of the file should match the contour of the object being filed.
In selecting the cut, it is important to know that files are made in a range of tooth characteristic cuts.
Factors
In choosing the correct file for any application, three factors need to be considered: shape, size, and cut.
Shape
Shape of the file should match the contour of the object being filed.
Size
The size is more of a choice of application.
Cut
The cut, it is important to know that files are made in a range of tooth characteristic cuts.
File Shapes
Scale of Cuts
Fun File Facts
1
Edge-Cut
Edge-cut files are generally used for finishing or fine finishing according to the chosen cut or number of teeth per inch. They can run from about 22 teeth per inch in coarse-cut files. Numbers ranging from 00 to 4 grade files are used most by jewelers, 8 is the finest cut and will be requested by watchmakers. The angle of the edge-cut is 50-55 degrees.
2
Chisel-Cut
Chisel-cut files are the best choice for fast removal, as the cut or number of teeth per inch will be higher; however, they tend to leave a rough surface. The angle of the chisel-cut is 52-72 degrees.
3
Single-Cut
Single-Cut — Use on very thin sections of the work piece with light pressure. Available in needle file shapes in cut 2, equivalent to 96 teeth per inch, the most common cut for such applications.
4
Double-Cut
Double-cut files have two series of teeth: one series cuts in much the same manner as a single-cut file, and the second crosses over the first one with a 45-50 degree angle to shape the chip breaker and the teeth. The chip breaker will avoid having to long chip which may scratch the work piece.
5
Rasp-Cut
Rasp-Cut — Usually confined to wax work.
File Comparisons
HALF-ROUND RING FILE
is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a point. Useful in filing the inside of rings. Cut on both sides.
BARRETTE FILE
is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a point. Only flat side is cut, providing safe edge and top.
CROSSING FILE
is half-round on two sides with one side having a larger radius than the other. Tapered in width and thickness. Cut and usable to the point. Used primarily for filing interior curved surfaces.
EQUALLING FILE
is parallel in width and thickness. Used primarily in filing slots and corners.
PILLAR CHECKERING FILE
is parallel in width and gently tapered in thickness. Overcut is parallel to file edges and upcut is 90 degrees to overcut. Useful for putting serrations and obtain a checkered design similar to handgun grip.
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